For a Kinder, Gentler Society
William McKinley
Apostle of Protectionism
  • Quentin R. Skrabec, Jr.
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William McKinley  . Apostle of Protectionism
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President McKinley is portrayed as a puppet of the robber barons. Yet he was much admired by immigrant steelworkers and inspired an unlikely following among laborers. He believed that a strong American industry was the beating heart of our democracy and he fought for protective tariffs from the beginning; the growth of American industry in the late 19th century bears him out. McKinley is a president worth re-considering.

About the Author

Dr. Skrabec moved from a successful career in industrial management (at LSE/LTV Steel, Jessop Steel and National Steel) to serving as an Associate Professor of Business at the University of Findlay, OH, since 1998.

Skrabec has published over fifty articles on history, industrial history and business, and five books on business, industry and management. For twenty years Prof. Quentin Skrabec has been researching the history of America’s industrialization and the key figures who moved the process forward. Dr. Skrabec has published a series of biographies at Algora, followed by a broader study of the policies that have dealt such a blow to American industry in general. 

Skrabec is a native Pittsburgher with a strong background in the local stories and heroes.

About the Book
William McKinley was the first US president to address globalization; his legacy in protectionism and immigrant labor offer lessons for the current era. He orchestrated an alliance between big business and the American worker that ushered in one...
William McKinley was the first US president to address globalization; his legacy in protectionism and immigrant labor offer lessons for the current era. He orchestrated an alliance between big business and the American worker that ushered in one of the greatest periods of growth ever known in the US economy. Yet McKinley has been in the shadow of his successor Theodore Roosevelt for over a hundred years. As Chairman of the Ways and Means Committee, McKinley had forged a tariff bill in 1888 that united a nation that was still divided between North and South, East and West. His continued efforts to support free trade, protected by managed markets in the tradition of Henry Clay, and worker benefits like those provide by George Westinghouse, led to a great economic compromise. Further, with revolutionary, visionary rhetoric laden with AmericaÃ??'s Ã??'economic manifest destinyÃ??' he appealed to everyone from the steelworkers of Pittsburgh to the New York bankers. He articulated a uniting philosophy: Ã??'Free trade in the United States is founded upon a community of equalities and reciprocitiesÃ??'¦[F]ree foreign trade admits the foreigner to equal privileges with our citizens. It invites the product of foreign cheap labor to this market in competition with the domestic, representing better paid laborÃ??' [albeit with tariffs to protect that domestic product]. McKinleyÃ??'s vision built the industrial base of the nation. By the end of his presidency the American steel, glass, rubber, oil, machinery and electrical appliance industries dominated the world. He was one of AmericaÃ??'s most popular presidents. As his funeral train crossed the nation in 1901, factory workers and captains of industry alike stood along the rails to mourn him. Never since has such a political alliance between labor and management been forged. He was the last president to build a voting alliance between laborers, immigrant workers, and capitalists. That alliance was marred by famous labor strikes and the building of great trusts, yet he still managed to sweep the labor votes in the great industrial centers Ã??' due to his belief in reciprocity and protectionism. McKinleyÃ??'s role as a Ã??'dinner pailÃ??' Republican offers insights into how America can approach todayÃ??'s globalization with the best interests of the Ã??'home teamÃ??' in mind.
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By Professor Alexey Makarkin, Vice-President of the Center for Political Technologies

Until this week, few people remembered [former US President] William McKinley. When they did, it was mostly for two reasons. Firstly, he was one of the US presidents who was assassinated, shot by an anarchist who saw him as the embodiment of American capitalism. At that time, anarchists killed political leaders indiscriminately, regardless of whether they ruled over monarchies or republics;...

By Professor Alexey Makarkin, Vice-President of the Center for Political Technologies

Until this week, few people remembered [former US President] William McKinley. When they did, it was mostly for two reasons. Firstly, he was one of the US presidents who was assassinated, shot by an anarchist who saw him as the embodiment of American capitalism. At that time, anarchists killed political leaders indiscriminately, regardless of whether they ruled over monarchies or republics; similar fates befell the French president, the Italian king, and even the Empress of Austria-Hungary. Secondly, McKinley was succeeded by a far more memorable president, Theodore Roosevelt.

Many forget that it was during McKinley’s presidency that the US significantly expanded its global influence — annexing Hawaii and, following a victorious war with Spain, asserting control over Cuba, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam (the latter two are still classified as “unincorporated organized territories” of the US). However, McKinley’s presidency was overshadowed by Roosevelt’s more vibrant legacy as a politician and his direct involvement in combat in Cuba.

McKinley’s image appeared on the $500 bills printed in 1928 and 1934, which circulated until 1945. However, these banknotes are now collector’s items rather than practical currency. While theoretically they are legal tender, any bank receiving such a bill is obligated to submit it to the US Treasury for destruction.

McKinley’s portrait on the $500 bills was introduced during the presidency of fellow Republican Calvin Coolidge – another US president who is largely forgotten today.

And now, seemingly out of the blue, Trump has invoked McKinley’s name in relation to the highest peak in North America – Mount Denali in Alaska. The locals called it “Denali”(meaning “The Great One”) and Russian settlers referred to it as “Bolshaya Gora” (Big Mountain). In an effort to promote American influence on the continent, a few decades after the Americans bought Alaska, they called the peak Mount McKinley in honor of the new president. Alaskans, who were concerned about local interests and not global ambitions, didn’t care much about the new name. A process to restore the mountain’s original name, Denali, began in the 1970s and culminated in 2015 when then-President Barack Obama signed the appropriate executive order.

Now, in an unexpected move, Trump has signed a new executive order, calling for the mountain to be renamed Mount McKinley. He justified this by stating, “The naming of our national treasures, including breathtaking natural wonders and historic works of art, should honor the contributions of visionary and patriotic Americans in our Nation’s rich past.” He claimed that the order recognizes McKinley for “giving his life for our great Nation and dutifully recognizes his historic legacy of protecting America’s interests and generating enormous wealth for all Americans.”

At the same time, Trump renamed the Gulf of Mexico as the Gulf of America, marking the end of the era of political correctness. The fact that Trump remembered McKinley, who expanded US territory, aligns with his previous statements regarding Greenland and Panama.

The US president seems to be reviving an old “imperial” rhetoric, which notably avoids direct intervention in international conflicts (recall how cautiously America engaged in the First World War) but maintains the idea that the US should always emerge the winner. It’s not the old isolationism favored by some Trump supporters who want to focus solely on domestic issues; rather, it’s an even older, and far less predictable, perspective.


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May 2008 Reference & Research Book News | More »

Pages 284
Year: 2007
LC Classification: E711.6.S57
Dewey code: 973.8Ã??'8092Ã??'dc22
BISAC: HIS036040
BISAC: BUS013000
Soft Cover
ISBN: 978-0-87586-576-8
Price: USD 23.95
Hard Cover
ISBN: 978-0-87586-577-5
Price: USD 34.95
eBook
ISBN: 978-0-87586-578-2
Price: USD 23.95
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